Breakpoints in immunoregulation required for Th1 cells to induce diabetes

GAD-reactive CD4+ Th1 cells induce diabetes in NOD/SCID mice.

Although glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has been implicated in IDDM, there is no direct evidence showing GAD-reactive T cells are diabetogenic in vivo. To address this issue, 3-wk-old NOD mice received two injections of purified rat brain GAD; one mouse rapidly developed diabetes 3 wk later. Splenocytes from this mouse showed a proliferative response to purified GAD, and were used to generat...

Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Th17 Cells Induce Th1-Polarizing

TLR agonists induce regulatory dendritic cells to recruit Th1 cells via preferential IP-10 secretion and inhibit Th1 proliferation.

Dendritic cells (DCs) and chemokines are important mediators linking innate and adaptive immunity on activation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. We previously identified a kind of regulatory DC subset (diffDCs) that differentiated from mature DCs under splenic stroma and that inhibited T-cell proliferation. The responsiveness of such regulatory DCs to TLR agonists and their pattern of chem...

Th17 cells give rise to Th1 cells that are required for the pathogenesis of colitis.

Th17 cells reactive to the enteric microbiota are central to the pathogenesis of certain types of inflammatory bowel disease. However, Th17 cells display substantial developmental plasticity, such that some progeny of Th17 cell precursors retain a predominantly IL-17A(+) phenotype, whereas others extinguish IL-17 expression and acquire expression of IFN-γ, giving rise to "Th1-like" cells. It re...

Mesenchymal stem cells in immunoregulation.

Mesenchymal stem cells are present within the bone marrow cavity and serve as a reservoir for the continuous renewal of various mesenchymal tissues. Recent studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells modulate immune reactions in vitro and escape from immune surveillance in vivo. We provide herein a discussion of issues including the current research progress on the in vitro interactions of mese...